Not including differences in manner of articulation or secondary articulation, some languages have as many as four different types of sibilants.
12.
Changes such as to involve the loss of secondary articulation; in addition, ?! involves the reduction of a tap.
13.
The first three types of sounds above have a convex tongue shape, which gives them an additional secondary articulation of palatalization.
14.
It is an alveolar, denti-alveolar, or dental lateral approximant, with a secondary articulation of velarization or pharyngealization.
15.
Even with so few vowels, there are many vowel allophones, affected by the secondary articulation of the consonants that surround them.
16.
All other NWC languages possess true pharyngeal consonants, but Ubykh is the only language to use pharyngealisation as a feature of secondary articulation.
17.
When a vowel phoneme appears between consonants with different secondary articulations, the vowel surfaces as a smooth transition from one vowel allophone to the other.
18.
Other contrastive elements of speech, such as stress ), and sometimes secondary articulations such as nasalization, may coexist with multiple segments and cannot be discretely ordered with them.
19.
Although " * g? " was already a single consonant,, it had two places of articulation, a velar stop ( ) and labial secondary articulation ( ).
20.
As might be expected from the approximant-like nature of secondary articulation, it is not always easy to tell whether a co-articulated approximant consonant such as is doubly or secondarily articulated.
