| 11. | In this case the localized image rapidly fades as energy is removed by the secondary electrons.
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| 12. | This adds another significant source of photoelectrons and secondary electrons which effectively reduce the image contrast.
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| 13. | For example, a dye chromophore has been modified by the addition of secondary electron donors.
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| 14. | The coefficient gives the number of secondary electrons produced by primary electron per unit path length.
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| 15. | This affects the number of secondary electrons that escape the device surface and reach the detector.
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| 16. | Collected Auger electrons are plotted as a function of energy against the broad secondary electron background spectrum.
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| 17. | Such a cascade of scattering events leads to up to 10 3 secondary electrons per incident electron.
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| 18. | The secondary electron number variability is the well-known root cause of noise in avalanche photodiodes.
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| 19. | The most common SEM mode is detection of secondary electrons emitted by atoms excited by the electron beam.
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| 20. | The number of secondary electrons that can be detected depends, among other things, on specimen topography.
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