Those are the primary shockwaves of an earthquake and are typically felt as a jolt . ( A slower, secondary wave produces a side-to-side motion that frequently damages buildings .)
12.
Under certain conditions, they say, tsunamis striking ocean islands can divide, circle the land and converge on the other side as a secondary wave with enough force to demolish what should be a sheltered shore.
13.
The more powerful secondary waves are generated by the superposition of ocean waves of equal period traveling in opposite directions, thus generating standing gravity waves with an associated pressure oscillation at half the period, which is not diminishing with depth.
14.
The first assumption means that the secondary waves oscillate at a quarter of a cycle out of phase with respect to the primary wave, and that the magnitude of the secondary waves are in a ratio of 1 : ? to the primary wave.
15.
The first assumption means that the secondary waves oscillate at a quarter of a cycle out of phase with respect to the primary wave, and that the magnitude of the secondary waves are in a ratio of 1 : ? to the primary wave.
16.
Pedra Furada provides potential evidence for the proponents of the " long chronology theory, " which states that the first group of people entered the hemisphere at a much earlier date, possibly 21, 000 40, 000 years ago, with a much later mass secondary wave of immigrants.
17.
In order to get agreement with experimental results, Fresnel found that the individual contributions from the secondary waves on the sphere had to be multiplied by a constant, " " i " / ?, and by an additional inclination factor, " K " ( ? ).
18.
It is possible to obtain a qualitative understanding of many diffraction phenomena by considering how the relative phases of the individual secondary wave sources vary, and in particular, the conditions in which the phase difference equals half a cycle in which case waves will cancel one another out.
