| 11. | There is often no clear, definitive distinction between a shield wall and a mantle wall.
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| 12. | From this early period, the " bergfried " and the first, inner shield wall have survived.
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| 13. | It's used for hacking down into the shoulders of early medieval soldiers behind a shield wall.
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| 14. | All day the English desperately tried to break the Viking shield wall but to no avail.
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| 15. | The housecarls were replaced with members of the " fyrd ", and the shield wall held.
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| 16. | Either they stood in front of the shield wall or the wall opened to let them through.
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| 17. | They formed a tightly packed shield wall, with spears projecting from the front rank over the shieldwall.
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| 18. | The battle opened with the Norman archers shooting uphill at the English shield wall, to little effect.
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| 19. | Water was supplied to the castle by a well sunk into the hillside within the shield wall.
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| 20. | Spearmen would deploy in tightly packed rows to form a shield wall with their spears pointing forwards.
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