Bremsstrahlung is of concern when shielding beta emitters, as the interaction of beta particles with the shielding material produces Bremsstrahlung radiation.
12.
Technician exposure is reduced by stepping out of the room, or behind adequate shielding material, when the X-ray source is activated.
13.
Shielding materials were sometimes displaced to improve image quality, to make the machine lighter, or out of carelessness, and this aggravated the leakage.
14.
Large variations in dose were possible depending on the machine design, displacement of the shielding materials, and the time and frequency of use.
15.
The most commonly used shielding materials in use are sand, lead ( sheets or shot ), steel, spent ( non-radioactive uranium ) tungsten and in suitable situations water.
16.
Depleted uranium is one-third more dense than lead, and if converted to metal form, might be a good shielding material for highly radioactive nuclear wastes, some experts say.
17.
Blends of plastic and metal compounds similar to the one in Integral's antenna are often found in military equipment, where they act as shielding material to keep enemy sensors from spotting sources of electromagnetic energy.
18.
Plastic scintillators are often used to reject charged particles, while thicker CsI, bismuth germanate ( " BGO " ), or other active shielding materials are used to detect and veto gamma-ray events of non-cosmic origin.
19.
The cost for the production of casks made with DUCRETE is low when compared with other shielding materials such as steel, lead and DU metal, since less material is required as a consequence of a higher density.
20.
He was the chairman of several electronics firms and wrote a book on RFI / EMI shielding materials that was published in 1992 and in a revised edition with a new title of " EMC shielding materials " in 1997.
