Most expression vectors for extrachromosomal protein expression and shuttle vectors contain the pBR322 origin of replication, and fragments of pBR322 are very popular in the construction of intraspecies shuttle or binary vectors and vectors for targeted integration and excision of DNA from chromosome.
12.
Shuttle vectors include plasmids that can propagate in eukaryotes and prokaryotes ( e . g . both " Saccharomyces cerevisiae " and " Escherichia coli " ) or in different species of bacteria ( e . g . both " E . coli " and " Rhodococcus erythropolis " ).
13.
An expression vector has features that any Escherichia coli ", and vectors used for protein production in organisms other than " E . coli " may have, in addition to a suitable origin of replication for its propagation in " E . coli ", elements that allow them to be maintained in another organism, and these vectors are called shuttle vectors.
