| 11. | The transformation of smectite to illite produces silica, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron and water.
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| 12. | The Independence class showed some signs of clay ( perhaps montmorillonite a member of the smectite group ).
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| 13. | Soils with smectite clay minerals, including montmorillonite and bentonite, have the most dramatic shrink-swell capacity.
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| 14. | Bottom right : Detection of an Al-rich smectite, montmorillanite, found primarily at higher elevations than nontronite.
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| 15. | In detail, the atmospheric maturation process only occurs on the smectite rind, by means of phyllosilicates creating mixed sulfates.
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| 16. | A large amount of phyllosilicates, clay minerals such as smectite, were found to be major constituents in the two samples.
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| 17. | Bottom left : Detection of an Fe-rich smectite, nontronite, found primarily in the lower elevations of Mawrth Vallis.
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| 18. | The clay soils containing montmorillonite or smectite ( swelling clays ) are more subject to alkalinity problems than illite or kaolinite clay soils.
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| 19. | Among the clays most commonly used are kaolin and the smectite clays such as bentonite, montmorillonite, and Fuller's earth.
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| 20. | In most sedimentary rocks, mica, feldspar and less stable minerals have been reduced to clay minerals like kaolinite, illite or smectite.
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