| 11. | The species overwinters in the prepupal stage on or near the soil surface.
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| 12. | First year shoots are unbranched and usually do not penetrate the soil surface.
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| 13. | High humidity, cool, and damp weather at the soil surface favours disease development.
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| 14. | Pupation takes place in a thin cocoon under the soil surface.
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| 15. | Instead, set them with their tops at or just below the soil surface.
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| 16. | "P . tetraspora " fungi overwinter in leaf litter on the soil surface.
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| 17. | They mature below the soil surface or extend 2 cm above the ground.
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| 18. | The groundwater level is always less than 5 feet below the soil surface.
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| 19. | On lawns, rolling levels the land for mowing and compacts the soil surface.
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| 20. | The interception of energy balance above canopy, within canopy and at soil surface.
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