Gradients of acoustic properties of medium, such as variations of sound velocity, cause gradients of the energy density in the propagating acoustic wave.
12.
Firstly, the main three variables that affect sound velocity may be measured using a Conductivity, Temperature & Depth Probe ( CTD Probe ).
13.
The jet tip velocity depends on bulk sound velocity in the liner material, the time to particulation is dependent on the ductility of the material.
14.
Sound velocity in the ocean varies with depth due to changes in density and temperature, reaching a local minimum near a depth of 800 1000 meters.
15.
This instrument can determine the salinity, temperature and pressure variables, and then calculate the sound velocity of the water using one of the many formulae available.
16.
The beam pattern of a transducer can be determined by the active transducer area and shape, the ultrasound wavelength, and the sound velocity of the propagation medium.
17.
Any fixed offset value would then be attributed to a draft value correction, and any gradient change seen is as a result of a difference in sound velocity.
18.
Chladni estimated sound velocities in different gases by placing those gases in an organ pipe and measuring the characteristics of the sounds that emerged when the pipe was played.
19.
Secondly, the surveyor can use a sound velocity probe that can be lowered into the water in the area to be surveyed to measure the actual speed of sound.
20.
Since temperature and sound velocity normally decrease with increasing altitude, sound is refracted upward, away from listeners on the ground, creating an acoustic shadow at some distance from the source.
