| 11. | The concrete is rough and spalling on the top.
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| 12. | You may not get splitting, spalling and chipping.
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| 13. | Erratics are formed by glacial glacially-induced spalling.
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| 14. | A serious fire in 1989 caused considerable spalling to the interior roof arches.
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| 15. | Spalling stopped at the steel reinforcement bars, approximately below the concrete surface.
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| 16. | Damage ranged from spalling concrete to total deck collapse.
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| 17. | Expansion of corroded rebar causes spalling of the concrete.
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| 18. | NOTE : Drawing captioned " SPALLING BRICKS " goes with this column.
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| 19. | The frost-thaw cycle has caused some cracking and spalling of the concrete.
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| 20. | Hydrogen embrittlement manifests as a reduction in ductility and eventually spalling of titanium surfaces.
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