| 11. | A sterile staminate flower is usually absent.
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| 12. | The staminate flowers have three elongated, tapering sepals and three thick, valvate petals.
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| 13. | The inflorescences are round and head-like; they contain both pistillate and staminate flowers.
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| 14. | Leaves are arranged in staminate flowers and female individuals producing solitary flowers at the leaf axils.
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| 15. | The sterile staminate flower is similar to the fertile but is slightly contorted with empty anthers.
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| 16. | The staminate flowers are tiny with a tubular calyx divided into three hairy, triangular lobes.
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| 17. | Lower spikelets generally have both pistillate and staminate flowers, while uppermost spikelets are staminate only.
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| 18. | The staminate flowers are asymmetrical and borne in triads with three distinct, valvate sepals and three thick petals.
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| 19. | These are subtended by tubular, membranous bracts, the third order rachillae have similar bracts subtending solitary staminate flowers.
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| 20. | The staminate flowers are shortly pedicellate and approximately 3mm in diameter, clustered in the axils of the lower leaves.
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