The radiation zone is the region of the stellar interior where the flux of energy outward is dependent on radiative heat transfer, since convective heat transfer is inefficient in that zone.
12.
While the reason for this underabundance is not yet fully understood, one possibility is that convection in stellar interiors can'overshoot'into regions where radiation is normally the dominant mode of energy transport.
13.
The rates of the various nuclear reactions are estimated from particle physics experiments at high energies, which are extrapolated back to the lower energies of stellar interiors ( the Sun burns hydrogen rather slowly ).
14.
This was a particularly remarkable development since at that time the major problem of stellar theory, the source of a star's energy, was still unsolved . radiative transport of energy in stellar interiors.
15.
Here, the electrical conductivity profile within the gaseous atmosphere of Jupiter was calculated using methods similar to those used to model stellar interiors, and it was pointed out that the same methods could be easily extended to the other gas giants Saturn, Uranus and Neptune.
16.
He made the pioneering discovery that hydrogen is the most abundant element in the stellar interior, and he was the first to make the correct interpretation of the Hertzsprung Russell diagram ( the relation between the total energy output from a star and its surface temperature was independently found by the Danish chemist and astronomer Ejnar Hertzsprung and the American astronomer Henry Norris Russell ).
17.
He received the 2013 Henry Draper Medal from the United States National Academy of Sciences " For his founding concept, unflagging advocacy, and visionary leadership during the development of NASA's Kepler mission, which has uncovered myriad planets and solar systems with unforeseen and surprising properties . " and the 2015 Shaw Prize in Astronomy for " for his conceiving and leading the Kepler mission, which greatly advanced knowledge of both extrasolar planetary systems and stellar interiors ."
