When chemical reactions comprise combinations of reactants and products with various isotopic expressions, the stoichiometric coefficients are functions of the isotope substitution number.
12.
Changes in the stoichiometric coefficients of a balanced cell equation will not change E?red value because the standard electrode potential is an intensive property.
13.
The stoichiometric coefficient " ? " " i " represents the degree to which a chemical species participates in a reaction.
14.
In any chemical reaction, not only is the total kind are conserved, and this imposes corresponding constraints on possible values for the stoichiometric coefficients.
15.
The use of " k " atomic element conservation equations for the mass constraint is straightforward, and replaces the use of the stoichiometric coefficient equations.
16.
Where the numerator is a product of reaction product activities,, each raised to the power of a stoichiometric coefficient,, and the denominator is a similar product of reactant activities.
17.
Since any chemical component can participate in several reactions simultaneously, the stoichiometric coefficient of the " i " th component in the " k " th reaction is defined as
18.
With complex reaction systems, it is often useful to consider both the representation of a reaction system in terms of the amounts of the chemicals present } } ( matrix whose elements are the stoichiometric coefficients.
19.
Some authors include the free reactant terms in the sums by declaring " identity " ( unit ) constants for which the stoichiometric coefficients are 1 for the reactant concerned and zero for all other reactants:
20.
If x _ b and y _ d are the stoichiometric coefficient for _ a ^ b \ ce { S } substrate and _ c ^ d \ ce { P } product, a reaction takes the form
