They are surrounded by an oily substance that is the result of the exocytosis of lamellar bodies accumulated while the keratinocytes are moving through the stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum.
12.
In the proteolytic processing to yield individual filaggrin monomers at the transition between the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum, which may be facilitated by calcium-dependent enzymes.
13.
Exfoliatins are glutamate-specific serine proteases highly specific to the cadherin desmoglein I, an adhesion protein in the desmosomes of the stratum granulosum that facilitates intracelluar adhesion between keratinocytes.
14.
Once the permeability barrier is disrupted an influx of water occurs in the stratum corneum, which in turn increases the calcium levels in the stratum corneum but decreases it in the stratum granulosum.
15.
From the site of production, lamellar bodies migrate to the top of the stratum granulosum and then into the intercellular domain of the stratum corneum to extrude their contents, which are predominantly lipids.
16.
Thick epidermis in the soles and palms consists of five strata; from outer to inner, they are : the stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale.
17.
In humans, we don't see this metamorphosis because it occurs during embryonic development, during the formation of the stratum granulosum ( the outer layer our skin forms to toughen and waterproof it against the air ).
18.
During this differentiation process, keratinocytes permanently withdraw from the cell cycle, initiate expression of epidermal differentiation markers, and move suprabasally as they become part of the stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum and eventually become corneocytes in the stratum corneum.
19.
The cerebellar cortex is the thin gray surface layer of the cerebellum, consisting of an outer molecular layer or stratum moleculare, a single layer of Purkinje cells ( the ganglionic layer ), and an inner granular layer or stratum granulosum.
20.
After birth these outermost cells are replaced by new cells from the stratum granulosum and throughout life they are shed at a rate of 0.001-0.003 ounces of skin flakes every hour, or 0.024-0.072 ounces per day.
