| 11. | In addition many frame builders file the lugs to thin them, in order to reduce stress concentrations.
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| 12. | Another method used to decrease the stress concentration is by creating the fillet at the sharp edges.
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| 13. | This indicates stress concentration, possibly the combination of residual stress from forming and the action of the spring.
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| 14. | Concepts such as the stress concentration factor and the strain energy release rate can be used to predict failure.
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| 15. | However, over time, as the glass expands and contracts, stress concentrations can develop around the nick, leading to breakage.
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| 16. | A . W . Griffith took this example and applied the concept of stress concentration to the ends of fractures.
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| 17. | Note that the stress concentration factor is a function of the geometry of a crack, and not of its size.
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| 18. | To prevent stress concentrations the ends of the splines are chamfered ( as opposed to an abrupt vertical end ).
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| 19. | Crack initiation was usually caused either by defects or poor design, with stress concentrations raising the local stress to failure.
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| 20. | Ductility is an important factor in ensuring the integrity of structures by enabling them to sustain local stress concentrations without fracture.
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