Subsequent axon-axon interactions were also shown to be necessary, as misrouting of retinal axons led to chiasm defasciculaiton, telencephalic and ventral hindbrain projections, or aberrant crossing in the posterior commissure.
12.
The efferents of the telencephalic components of the lemnothalamic pathway project to the optic tectum ( equivalent to the superior colliculus ), the lemnothalamic visual nucleus, as well as other optic tract targets.
13.
The telencephalic ventral medial pallium ( primordium hippocampi " ), however, is involved in loops that either modify prey-selection due to associative learning or specify prey-selection due to non-associative learning, respectively.
14.
Apart from the lack of a causal argument for introducing the axis in the telencephalon, there is the obvious difficulty that there is a pair of telencephalic vesicles, so that a bifid axis is actually implied in these outdated versions.
15.
He described the electroencephalogram signs of cerebral death in 1959, and in 1961 categorized sleep into two different states : telencephalic ( slow wave ) sleep and rhombencephalic sleep ( paradoxical sleep, known as REM sleep in English-language writings on the subject ).
16.
Studies on another homozygous GAP43 knockout mouse line found it to be lethal days after birth because it plays a critical role in the development of the mammalian CNS . Telencephalic commissures fail to form, thalamocortical afferents are mistargeted, especially in somatosensory, particularly barrel, cortex.
17.
When they are excited, they fire a barrage of action potentials and dopamine is released in the NAC . The medium spiny neurons of the NAC are much more responsive to this increase in dopamine if there is coincident excitatory input from the telencephalic structures such as the amygdala and orbital-medial prefrontal cortex.
18.
Situated ventral to the pallium in the basic vertebrate forebrain plan ( though representing a topologically rostral field in neural plate fate maps ) is another region of telencephalic gray matter known as the subpallium, which is the progenitor area for the basal ganglia, a set of structures that play a crucial role in the executive control of behavior.
19.
A necessary note of caution is that modern embryologic orthodoxy indicates that the brain's true length axis finishes rostrally somewhere in the hypothalamus where basal and alar zones interconnect from left to right across the median line; therefore, the axis does not enter the telencephalic area, although various authors, both recent and classic, have assumed a telencephalic end of the axis.
20.
A necessary note of caution is that modern embryologic orthodoxy indicates that the brain's true length axis finishes rostrally somewhere in the hypothalamus where basal and alar zones interconnect from left to right across the median line; therefore, the axis does not enter the telencephalic area, although various authors, both recent and classic, have assumed a telencephalic end of the axis.
