| 11. | Lichen undergoes diffuse growth and the thallus elongates over time.
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| 12. | The apothecia may be few to very crowded at the thallus center.
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| 13. | One to many irregularly shaped black apothecia are sunken into the thallus.
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| 14. | The thallus size varies from 5 10 mm in diameter.
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| 15. | The thallus is dark brown, with a tough, leathery texture.
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| 16. | Many species have a branching thallus that is more than two centimeters wide.
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| 17. | Their vegetative body consists of a simple, branched, or unbranched thallus.
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| 18. | The thallus is nearly flat on the upper surface.
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| 19. | This lichen has a large thallus which may exceed one meter in width.
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| 20. | This may also be present on the thallus itself.
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