For example, naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, is a derivative of thebaine that is present in opium.
12.
In 2013, Australia was the main producer of poppy straw rich in thebaine, followed by Spain and then France.
13.
While having no narcotic effects of its own, the important opioid precursor thebaine differs from codeine only slightly in structure.
14.
The latex also contains the closely related opiates codeine and thebaine, and non-analgesic alkaloids such as papaverine and noscapine.
15.
Oxycodone, a thebaine derivative similar to codeine, was introduced by Bayer in 1916 and promoted as a less-addictive analgesic.
16.
There are also strains which produce copious amounts of thebaine, an important raw material for making many semi-synthetic and synthetic opioids.
17.
Thebaine is an important precursor for manufacture of pharmaceuticals, and is more concentrated in the roots of " Papaver somniferum " than elsewhere.
18.
Until recently, oripavine was a Schedule II drug in the United States by default as a thebaine derivative, although it was not explicitly listed.
19.
They usually have thebaine or oripavine as their precursor in their syntheses ( and are thus termed " thevinols " and " orvinols ", respectively ).
20.
The 2013 US Drug Enforcement Administration ( DEA ) aggregate manufacturing quota for thebaine ( ACSCN 9333 ) was unchanged from the previous year at 145 metric tons.
