Sagredo added a scale to Galileo's thermoscope to enable the quantitative measurement of temperature, and produced more convenient portable thermometers.
12.
Before there was the thermometer, there was the earlier and closely related thermoscope, best described as a thermometer without a temperature scale.
13.
The modern thermometer gradually evolved from the thermoscope with the addition of a scale in the early 17th century and standardisation through the 17th and 18th centuries.
14.
Italian physician Santorio Santorio is the first known individual to have put a measurable scale on the thermoscope and wrote of it in 1625, though he possibly invented one as early as 1612.
15.
The first clear diagram of a thermoscope was published in 1617 by Giuseppe Biancani ( 1566 1624 ) : the first showing a scale and thus constituting a thermometer was by Robert Fludd in 1638.
16.
It is named after Galileo Galilei because he discovered the principle on which this thermometer is based that the density of a liquid changes in proportion to its temperature and he also invented a thermoscope based on this principle.
17.
The general pneumatic principle of the thermoscope was used in the Hellenic period, and it was written about even earlier, by Empedocles of Agrigentum in his 460 B . C . book " On Nature ".
18.
As a result, devices were shown to produce this effect reliably, and the term " thermoscope " was adopted because it reflected the changes in sensible heat ( the concept of temperature was yet to arise ).
19.
The European scientists Cornelius Drebbel, Robert Fludd, Galileo Galilei and Santorio Santorio in the 16th and 17th centuries were able to gauge the relative " coldness " or " hotness " of air, using a rudimentary air thermometer ( or thermoscope ).
