The pressurised gas is expanded via a micro-sized orifice and passed over a miniature heat exchanger resulting in regenerative cooling via the Joule Thomson effect.
12.
The cooling of gas by expanding it through an orifice was developed by James Joule and William Thomson and is known as the Joule-Thomson effect.
13.
The temperature reduction is obtained by the Joule Thomson effect of expanding well fluid as it flows through the pressure-reducing choke or valve into the separator.
14.
Where the Siemens cycle has the gas do external work to reduce its temperature, the Hampson-Linde cycle relies solely on the Joule-Thomson effect.
15.
However, the Joule Thomson effect can be used to liquefy even helium, provided that the helium gas is first cooled below its inversion temperature of 40 K.
16.
These phenomena are known more specifically as the Seebeck effect ( converting temperature to current ), Peltier effect ( converting current to temperature ), and Thomson effect ( conductor heating / cooling ).
17.
The term premelting is used to describe the reduction in the melting temperature ( below 0 �C ) which results from the surface curvature of porous media confining water ( the Gibbs-Thomson effect ).
18.
The collaboration lasted from 1852 to 1856, its discoveries including the Joule-Thomson effect, and the published results did much to bring about general acceptance of Joule's work and the kinetic theory.
19.
The expansion of the pressurized liquid causes the surrounding area to cool ( known as the Joule-Thomson effect ) and the phase change of the liquid to gas also causes the surrounding area to cool.
20.
The physical mechanism associated with the Joule Thomson effect is closely related to that of a shock wave, although a shock wave differs in that the change in bulk kinetic energy of the gas flow is not negligible.
