It gives off intercostal branches to the seventh, eighth, and ninth intercostal spaces; these diminish in size as the spaces decrease in length, and are distributed in a manner precisely similar to the intercostal arteries from the internal thoracic artery.
12.
Lesser patency rates can be expected with radial artery grafts and " free " internal thoracic artery grafts ( where the proximal end of the thoracic artery is excised from its origin from the subclavian artery and re-anastomosed with the ascending aorta ).
13.
Lesser patency rates can be expected with radial artery grafts and " free " internal thoracic artery grafts ( where the proximal end of the thoracic artery is excised from its origin from the subclavian artery and re-anastomosed with the ascending aorta ).
14.
The "'left subclavian artery "'and the "'right subclavian artery "', one on each side of the body form the internal thoracic artery, the vertebral artery, the thyrocervical trunk, and the costocervical trunk.
15.
Generally the best patency rates are achieved with the in-situ left internal thoracic artery ( the proximal end is left connected to the subclavian artery ) with the distal end being anastomosed with the coronary artery ( typically the left anterior descending artery or a diagonal branch artery ).
16.
The usual branches of the subclavian on both sides of the body are the vertebral artery, the internal thoracic artery, the thyrocervical trunk, the costocervical trunk and the dorsal scapular artery, which may branch off the transverse cervical artery which is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk.
17.
The "'musculophrenic artery "'arises from the internal thoracic artery, directed obliquely downward and laterally, behind the cartilages of the false ribs; it perforates the diaphragm at the eighth or ninth costal cartilage, and ends, considerably reduced in size, opposite the last intercostal space.
18.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery published a study on November 1, 2013 that confirmed MICS CABG as safe, feasible, and associated with excellent graft patency rates at 6 months post surgery, with graft patency of 92 % for all grafts and 100 % for left internal thoracic artery grafts.
19.
Graft patency is dependent on a number of factors, including the type of graft used ( internal thoracic artery, radial artery, or great saphenous vein ), the size of the coronary artery that the graft is anastomosed with, and, of course, the skill of the surgeon ( s ) performing the procedure.
20.
MICS CABG allows utilization of the left internal mammary artery ( IMA; aka Left internal thoracic artery, Left ITA ) to bypass the left anterior descending artery ( LAD ), which is termed as Left IMA-LAD, as a preferable anastamosis whenever indicated and technically feasible ( Loop et al . ) and has been proven to benefit in event free survival ( Acinapura et al . ).
