| 11. | Let us take the time derivative of the second equation.
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| 12. | Space and time derivatives both enter to second order.
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| 13. | The physical significance of this function is understood by taking its total time derivative
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| 14. | This is achieved by the upper convected time derivative.
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| 15. | Each overdot is a shorthand for a time derivative.
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| 16. | Strain rate will then be time derivative of strain.
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| 17. | The time derivatives of the generalized coordinates are the " generalized velocities"
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| 18. | For both momentum equations, the time derivative becomes
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| 19. | In terms of time derivatives it reads:
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| 20. | The over-dots represent time derivatives.
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