This typically is associated with anatomic issues such as a redundant sigmoid colon or a transverse colon which prevents complete advancement of the colonoscope to the cecum.
12.
Of the colon, the ascending colon, descending colon and rectum are retroperitoneal, while the cecum, appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon are intraperitoneal.
13.
Specifically, contributions to the Superior Mesenteric Ganglion arise from CN X . This nerve goes on to innervate the small intestine, the ascending colon and the transverse colon.
14.
Efferent fibers of the vagus then carry signals to the gastrointestinal tract up to 2 / 3 of the Transverse Colon ( coinciding with the second GI Watershed Point ).
15.
The intraperitoneal regions include most of the stomach, first part of the duodenum, all of the small intestine, caecum and appendix, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum.
16.
The "'left colic flexure "'or splenic flexure ( as it is close to the spleen ) is the sharp bend between the transverse colon and the descending colon.
17.
The lower part of the right half, below the transverse colon, is covered by peritoneum continuous with the inferior layer of the transverse mesocolon, and is in contact with the coils of the small intestine.
18.
These are the transverse mesocolon attaching to the transverse colon, the sigmoid mesocolon attaching to the sigmoid colon, the mesoappendix attaching to the appendix, and the mesorectum attaching to the upper third of the rectum.
19.
In the distal 1 / 3 of the transverse colon, and through the sigmoid and rectum, and the cervix in females, the pelvic splanchnic nerves supply parasympathetic function, including transmitting the sensation of pain.
20.
Locally advanced adenocarcinomas have spread into neighboring organs, which may be any of the following ( in roughly decreasing order of frequency ) : the duodenum, stomach, transverse colon, spleen, adrenal gland, or kidney.
