For turbulent boundary layer calculations, the time averaged density and velocity at the edge of the boundary layer must be used.
12.
The team used the same principle of golf balls to create a turbulent boundary layer, to increase the speed of the car.
13.
Neither one of these assumptions are true for the general turbulent boundary layer case so care must be excersised in applying this formula.
14.
For a given adverse du _ o / ds distribution, the separation resistance of a turbulent boundary layer increases slightly with increasing Reynolds number.
15.
As a final example, Sheng et al . used holographic microscopy to perform near-wall measurements of turbulent shear stress and velocity in turbulent boundary layers.
16.
This physical fact has led to a variety of schemes to actually produce turbulent boundary layers when boundary layer separation is dominant at high Reynolds numbers.
17.
His work on Reynolds number effects in turbulent boundary layers, first published in 1994 and continuing throughout the 2000s, marked a significant paradigm shift in the subject.
18.
This creates what aerodynamic experts call a " turbulent boundary layer, " and that turbulence allows outer layers of air to come closer to the ball's surface.
19.
In the limit of infinite Reynolds number, the pressure gradient term can be shown to have no effect on the inner region of the turbulent boundary layer.
20.
The full model was tested in different stages of construction in turbulent boundary layer flow, complete with the local topography to model the wind conditions at the site.
