More generally, the cyclol model of globular proteins accounted for the early analytical ultracentrifugation results of Theodor Svedberg, which suggested that the molecular weights of proteins fell into a few classes related by integers.
12.
"' Jerome Vinograd "'( February 9, 1913 July 7, 1976 ) was an American biochemist who developed density gradient ultracentrifugation and contributed to the understanding of DNA supercoiling.
13.
Hence, f _ { tot } can be measured directly using analytical ultracentrifugation, or indirectly using various methods to determine the diffusion constant ( e . g ., NMR and dynamic light scattering ).
14.
The term " cytosol " was first introduced in 1965 by H . A . Lardy, and initially referred to the liquid that was produced by breaking cells apart and pelleting all the insoluble components by ultracentrifugation.
15.
Apart from Zsigmondy, Theodor Svedberg, who invented ultracentrifugation, and Gustav Mie, who provided the theory for scattering and absorption by spherical particles, were also interested in the synthesis and properties of colloidal gold.
16.
This hypothesis was disproved in the 1920s by ultracentrifugation measurements by Theodor Svedberg that showed that proteins had a well-defined, reproducible molecular weight and by electrophoretic measurements by Arne Tiselius that indicated that proteins were single molecules.
17.
The ultracentrifugation separates out the solute into a gradual density gradient so that the high density concentration of CsCl is at the bottom of the tube, while the lower concentration ( and hence lower density ) is at the top of the tube.
18.
After early work with " Drosophila " and maize, the adoption of simpler ultracentrifugation, forced scientists to re-evaluate the literal meaning of " life "; virus heredity and reproducing nucleoprotein cell structures outside the nucleus ( " plasmagenes " ) complicated the accepted Mendelian-chromosome theory.
19.
SWNT diameter separation has been achieved by density-gradient ultracentrifugation ( DGU ) using surfactant-dispersed SWNTs and by ion-exchange chromatography ( IEC ) for DNA-SWNT . Purification of individual chiralities has also been demonstrated with IEC of DNA-SWNT : specific short DNA oligomers can be used to isolate individual SWNT chiralities.
20.
The specificity of DNA-binding proteins can be studied using many biochemical and biophysical techniques, such as gel electrophoresis, analytical ultracentrifugation, calorimetry, DNA mutation, protein structure mutation or modification, nuclear magnetic resonance, x-ray crystallography, surface plasmon resonance, electron paramagnetic resonance, cross-linking and microscale thermophoresis ( MST ).
