Ultramicroscopes have been used for general observation of aerosols and colloids, in studying Brownian motion, in observing ionization tracks in cloud chambers, and in studying biological ultrastructure.
12.
Other major types of microscopes are the electron microscope ( both the transmission electron microscope and the scanning electron microscope ), the ultramicroscope, and the various types of scanning probe microscope.
13.
In 1902 the ultramicroscope was developed by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy ( 1865 1929 ) and Henry Siedentopf, working for Carl Zeiss AG . In 1925, Zsigmondy received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry also for this work.
14.
It is particularly applicable to colloidal mixtures and fine suspensions; for example, the Tyndall effect is used in nephelometers to determine the size and density of particles in aerosols and other colloidal matter ( see ultramicroscope and turbidimeter ).
15.
The " " ultra " " in " ultramicroscope " refers to the ability to see objects whose diameter is shorter than the wavelength of visible light, on the model of the " " ultra " " in ultraviolet.
16.
In 1902 the ultramicroscope was developed by Richard Adolf Zsigmondy ( 1865 1929 ) and Henry Siedentopf ( 1872 1940 ), working for Carl Zeiss AG . Applying bright sunlight for illumination they were able to determine the size of 4 nm small nanoparticles in cranberry glass.
17.
The book ends with the image of a biologist, much like Haldane himself, in a laboratory : " just a poor little scrubby underpaid man groping blindly amid the mazes of the ultramicroscope . . . conscious of his ghastly mission and proud of it ."
