For this reason, conductivity probes are most often permanently inserted directly into the main ultrapure water system piping to provide real-time continuous monitoring of contamination.
12.
On-line sodium measurement in ultrapure water most commonly uses a glass membrane sodium ion-selective electrode and a reference electrode in an analyzer measuring a small continuously flowing side-stream sample.
13.
Ultrapure water is easily contaminated by traces of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere passing through tiny leaks or diffusing through thin wall polymer tubing when sample lines are used for measurement.
14.
IMB consisted of a roughly cubical tank about 17 & times; 17.5 & times; 23 meters, filled with 2.5 million gallons of ultrapure water which was surrounded by 2, 048 photomultiplier tubes.
15.
In molecular biology, " Rhizobium " has also been identified as a contaminant of DNA extraction kit reagents and ultrapure water systems, which may lead to its erroneous appearance in microbiota or metagenomic datasets.
16.
Final removal of leftover electrolytes is done by passing the water through a tank with ion-exchange resins, which remove any leftover anions or cations and replace them with hydroxyl and hydrogen ions, respectively, leaving ultrapure water.
17.
Modern Ultrapure Water systems are very effective at removing ionic contamination down to parts per trillion levels ( ppt ) whereas organic contamination of ultrapure water systems is still in the parts per billion levels ( ppb ).
18.
Modern Ultrapure Water systems are very effective at removing ionic contamination down to parts per trillion levels ( ppt ) whereas organic contamination of ultrapure water systems is still in the parts per billion levels ( ppb ).
19.
The most widely used requirements for UPW quality are documented by ASTM D5127 " Standard Guide for Ultra-Pure Water Used in the Electronics and Semiconductor Industries " and SEMI F63 " Guide for ultrapure water used in semiconductor processing ".
20.
"We see significant revenue and cost synergies that will enable us to focus our resources on developing technologies that increase access to safe drinking water and provide industrial customers with greater access to ultrapure water sources, " said Bill Woodburn, president and chief executive of GE Infrastructure.
