"Lionel Trilling in ` Sincerity and Authenticity'shows how in the modern world the moral man is expected to take responsibility for not only his conscious but also his unconscious motivations,"
12.
Thus a person may have a conscious reason for doing something, but a psychoanalyst may claim that there was one or more additional unconscious motivations, thus " overdetermining " the behavior in question.
13.
He further claims that " debunkers like Boyer . . . have their own unconscious motivations ( to undermine religious faith, after all, is to set oneself free of its many inconvenient strictures ) ."
14.
Jacques Lacan would thoroughly endorse the Freudian interpretation of unconscious motivation in the slip, arguing that in the " lapsus " it is . . . clear that every unsuccessful act is a successful, not to say'well-turned', discourse .
15.
Cleverly, Lear broadens his argument about the scapegoating of Freud into a defense of the deeper mind : " The real object of attack _ for which Freud is only a stalking horse _ is the very idea of humans having unconscious motivation.
16.
A similar focus on the superficial has fuelled much of the Freud Wars of late modernity, in which, according to Jonathan Lear, " the real object of attack-for which Freud is only a stalking-horse-is the very idea that humans have unconscious motivation ".
17.
Henry Louis Gates quotes Frederick Douglass, who pointed out in 1854 that arguments for slavery were based on attempts " to overthrow the instinctive consciousness of the brotherhood of man "-- a neat description of what many suspect is the conscious or unconscious motivation behind " The Bell Curve ."
18.
This relates to what he says is really the object of the attacks on Freud, namely " the very idea that humans have unconscious motivation, " that what ails us may lie beyond the reach of psychopharmacology and neuropsychiatry ( for all they have contributed ) and that we are capable of meaning more than we say.
19.
In the same essay, Lear also disputes those who insist that psychoanalysis can't prove " the cause-and-effect connections it claims between unconscious motivation and its visible manifestations in ordinary life and in a clinical setting, " a major theme in one of his previous books, " Love and Its Place in Nature : A Philosophical Interpretation of Freudian Psychoanalysis ."
