For example, letters with a rightward-facing hook at the bottom represent retroflex consonants; and small capital letters usually represent uvular consonants.
12.
In the Greenlandic language, it represents as the result of an assimilation of a consonant cluster with a uvular consonant as the first component.
13.
In general, velar consonants occur before front vowels and uvular consonants before back vowels, so it is frequently not necessary to specify these values in the orthography.
14.
Unlike other uvular consonants, the uvular trill is articulated without a retraction of the tongue, and therefore doesn't lower neighboring high vowels the way uvular stops commonly do.
15.
Vaux ( 1999 ) proposes a phonological explanation : uvular consonants normally involve a neutral or a retracted tongue root, whereas voiced stops often involve advanced tongue root : two articulations that cannot physically co-occur.
16.
As noted in the vowel chart above, there is an allophone of ( orthographic " aa " ) which is realized as under the influence of uvular consonants, however this is not consistent for all speakers.
17.
One current idea is that the " palatovelars " were in fact simple velars, i . e ., while the " plain velars " were pronounced farther back, perhaps as uvular consonants, i . e ..
18.
In proportion to the frequency of uvular consonants, is even more common, as would be expected from the very small oral cavity used to pronounce a voiceless uvular stop ., on the other hand, is quite rare.
19.
However, since there is no underscore diacritic available, the e-mail orthography represents the uvular consonants with a digraph of the velar consonant plus " h " in the same manner as in the Canadian orthography.
20.
Is used in the transcription of Australian Aboriginal languages such as Pitjantjatjara for a retroflex lateral, written in the IPA . In the Greenlandic language, it represents as the result of an assimilation of a consonant cluster with a uvular consonant as the first component.
