| 11. | The vagal and sympathetic activity constantly interact.
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| 12. | Each element of the vagal nerve complex links up to a different region of the brainstem.
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| 13. | The effect could be blocked using atropine, a known inhibitor to heart vagal nerve stimulation.
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| 14. | To be specific, vagal and spinal ganglionic nerves mediate the lowering of the heart rate.
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| 15. | Vagal tone cannot be directly measured.
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| 16. | When hyperstimulated, the left vagal branch predisposes the heart to conduction block at the atrioventricular node.
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| 17. | The sympathetic irritant effect is exploited to counteract these vagal parasympathetic effects and thereby reverse the faint.
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| 18. | Vagal blockade predictably causes dry mouth, and in men with prostatism, may cause urinary retention.
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| 19. | Thus, while vagal tone is not explicitly measured, the resultant changes in heart rate are.
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| 20. | On the other hand, he said, there is no treatment for abnormalities of the vagal system.
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