| 11. | So, he invented his own device, a valve spring lifter, and combined it with a compressor.
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| 12. | Also unusual was the adoption of only one hairspring valve spring to close the exhaust valve.
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| 13. | In an OEM valve spring application, the mechanical design combined with some shot peening ensures longevity.
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| 14. | Automotive makers are shifting to more high performance higher stressed valve spring designs as engines evolve.
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| 15. | Unlike the valve springs keep the valves closed.
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| 16. | If an engine spins too quickly, valve springs cannot act quickly enough to close the valves.
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| 17. | The landing gear is tubular steel, with automotive valve springs and rubber hose inside, for shock absorption.
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| 18. | Alpina reworked the head which was ported and polished, installed harder valve springs and a hotter cam.
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| 19. | A more aggressive camshaft was used, with higher lift and duration, and harder valve springs were installed.
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| 20. | A valve spring broke with only 23 laps to go, and the car coasted to a stop.
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