| 11. | Naphtha prices have again receded, so variable costs should drop soon.
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| 12. | Contribution margin is the difference between the sales revenue and the variable costs.
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| 13. | Unit costs include all fixed costs and all variable costs involved in production.
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| 14. | An airline seat, for example, has a variable cost of around $ 15.
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| 15. | The total cost is the sum of fixed and variable costs.
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| 16. | A firm that is shutdown is generating zero revenue and incurring no variable costs.
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| 17. | The 3 remaining P's are what are called the variable costs for an organization.
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| 18. | :: : Fixed and variable costs are economics 101 material.
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| 19. | Road logistics costing consists of fixed cost and variable cost.
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| 20. | More temp hiring allows some fixed labor costs to be converted to variable costs.
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