Simplified series-equivalent circuit of a capacitor for higher frequencies ( above ); vector diagram with electrical reactances X ESL and X C and resistance ESR and for illustration the impedance Z and dissipation factor tan ?
12.
The dissipation factor is determined as the tangent of the reactance X _ C-X _ L and the ESR, and can be shown as the angle ? between the imaginary and impedance axes in the above vector diagram, see paragraph " Impedance ".
13.
He gave detailed formulas showing how close passage of Jupiter could be used to make a large change in the velocity and orbital energy of a spacecraft . His vector diagrams clearly show the gravity assist mechanism that are identical to those used later by Krafft Ehricke ( 1956 ) and much later by Minovitch ( 1961 ).
14.
:A few of us have been discussing this round the whiteboard, including lots of vector diagrams with the horizontal component of lift . As you said, in circular motion ( such as using the atmosphere as the reference frame ) the horizontal component of lift is always perpendicular to the velocity vector so velocity constantly changes direction but not magnitude.
