One important source of instability in a fluid is the presence of a velocity gradient or shear layer with an inflection point.
12.
With this technique, the entire velocity gradient tensor of the fluid at the 2-dimensional plane of interest can be quantified.
13.
Spectral-line observations can be used to identify chemistry and determine gas velocity gradients across astronomical objects ( because of the doppler effect ).
14.
First, the velocity gradient can be enhanced by the presence of waves, just as it is enhanced by hills and other terrain features on land.
15.
When moving from the center of the die to the midpoint of one of the edges, the velocity gradient is high, especially near the outer die wall.
16.
On the other hand, for a low central gas velocity, the solids velocities over the annulus and above the nozzle show nearly the same value with sharp velocity gradient.
17.
In these equations, P _ k represents the generation of turbulence kinetic energy due to the mean velocity gradients, calculated in same manner as standard k-epsilon model.
18.
This technique allows the determination of the three velocity gradient components single-plane stereoscopic PIV could not calculate : U _ z, V _ z, and W _ z.
19.
This error is due to the configuration exceeding one of the underlying simplifying assumptions used in the Gurney equations, that there is a linear velocity gradient in the explosive product gases.
20.
The force of friction is negative the velocity gradient of the dissipation function, \ bold { F } _ f =-\ nabla _ \ bold { v } F.
