Operation Deep Water was a 1957 NATO naval exercise held in the Mediterranean Sea that involved the first units of the United States Marine Corps to participate in a helicopter-borne vertical envelopment operation during an overseas deployment.
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After sowing confusion among the enemy, Colonel Hi?u " " press [ ed ] the Viet Cong from three directions with movements launched from Pleiku and Qui Nh?n and a vertical envelopment from north of An Kh?
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The formations are limited only by the number and size of their aircraft, so given enough capacity a huge force can appear " out of nowhere " in minutes, an action referred to as " vertical envelopment ".
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After aiding in the development of the vertical envelopment concept of amphibious assault employing helicopters, she returned to the Orient early in 1955 for a tour of duty which included participation in the evacuation of the Tachen Islands.
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During these early months, the squadron was occupied primarily with proficiency training, which contributed to the growing body of knowledge of rotary winged aircraft and their tactical employment, ultimately evolving into a basis for the Marine Corps'doctrine of vertical envelopment.
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In 1956, the United States Marine Corps executed the first Division-strength exercise of vertical envelopment when the 1st Marine Division was helicopter-lifted from converted WWII jeep carriers to landing sites at Camp Pendleton, CA, U . S . Marine Corps Base.
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General Harrison developed basic principles and practices of " vertical envelopment " theory in the years following the Korean War to take advantage of the developments in rotary wing aircraft during the period between World War II and the Vietnam War.
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Airmobile units are designed and trained for air insertion and vertical envelopment ( " a maneuver in which troops, either air-dropped or air-landed, attack the rear and flanks of a force, in effect cutting off or encircling the force " . ), air resupply, and if necessary air extraction.
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Company " H " of the 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines executed a pre-dawn vertical envelopment of the besieged U . S . Embassy, with 237 Marines inserted via medium and heavy lift Marine USS " Saipan " ( LHA-2 ) and USS Ponce ( LPD-15 ) for processing and ultimately Freetown, Sierra Leone.
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Experimenting with the new concept of " vertical envelopment "; first pioneered by the Royal Navy and Royal Marines during the Suez Crisis in 1956; " Valley Forge " s helicopters air-lifted the landing party to the beachhead and then returned them to the ship in the U . S . Navy's first ship-based air assault exercise.