Both the transport layer and application layer have a virtual connection between them & mdash; peer-to-peer in the sense that only the two peers use the layers.
12.
Thus a virtual connection, also known as a virtual circuit or byte stream is provided to the end-user by a transport layer protocol, although intermediate network nodes only provides a connectionless network layer service.
13.
At a minimum, this state identifies the output port of the current node for the next hop of the route and the state of the virtual connection ( idle, waiting for resources, or active ).
14.
These are in " established " state when a socket-to-socket virtual connection or virtual circuit ( VC ), also known as a TCP session, is established with the remote socket, providing a duplex byte stream.
15.
His several books on the topic, including " Internet for English Teaching ", " Virtual Connections ", " Telecollaboration in Foreign Language Learning ", and " Network-Based Language Teaching ", attracted the attention of second and foreign language teachers and researchers around the world.
