| 11. | Boundary conditions are imposed at vortex ring level.
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| 12. | Vortex rings can be triangular or quadrilateral, but most importantly, they can be slender or solid.
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| 13. | The diaphragm quickly pushes a quantity of air out of the open end, creating a vortex ring.
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| 14. | That configuration caused the Osprey to flip over when it entered vortex ring state, experts have said.
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| 15. | That accident was blamed in part on human error and on something called " vortex ring state ."
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| 16. | But they also made 28 recommendations to address the problem of vortex ring state and other aerodynamic issues.
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| 17. | Thus, a vortex ring can carry mass much further and with less dispersion than a jet of fluid.
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| 18. | This is how a smoker expels smoke rings from the mouth, and how most vortex ring toys work.
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| 19. | The panel strongly recommended pilot training to avoid vortex ring state and installation of a cockpit warning system.
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| 20. | That accident was blamed in part on human error and in part on the vortex ring state condition.
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