Long vowels are phonemically perceived as two identical vowels in succession and vowel length is not a phonemic quality akin to vowel height.
12.
That is, the jaw, which to a large extent controls vowel height, tends to be relaxed when pronouncing reduced vowels.
13.
For glottal final syllables, the short vowel symbol is used to denote the vowel height and position as well as a final glottal consonant.
14.
Jalapa Mazatec has a basic five vowel system contrasting back and front vowels and closed and open vowel height, with an additional mid high back vowel.
15.
The parameter of vowel height appears to be the primary cross-linguistic feature of vowels in that all spoken language s use height as a contrastive feature.
16.
Navajo has four contrastive vowel qualities at three different vowel heights ( high, mid, low ) and a front-back contrast between the mid vowels.
17.
The Komi-Permyak vowel system can be considered as being three-dimensional, where vowels are characterised by three features : front and back, rounded and unrounded and vowel height.
18.
The phoneme is between the ~ ] } } characteristic of feminine nouns and the ~ ~ ] } } characteristic of masculine nouns in the scale of vowel height, which can be characterized symbolic of gender inclusion.
19.
It differs almost solely in its length, although when it follows it becomes a sort of diphthong with the first element being identical in vowel height while being more retracted so that " qu?"'('large kind of parrot') is realized as.
20.
In the past, when they were recognised at all, they were often viewed as simply an extra vowel height, and the choice of symbols differed between authors since standard IPA does not recognise the possibility of so many contrastive close vowel heights . when immediately followed by a syllable containing the close vowels or.
