A hydrocele can also be the result of a plugged inguinal lymphatic system caused by repeated, chronic infection of " Wuchereria bancrofti " or " Brugia malayi ", two mosquito-borne parasites of Africa and Southeast Asia, respectively.
12.
The microfilariae of " Brugia timori " are longer and morphologically distinct from those of " Brugia malayi " and " Wuchereria bancrofti ", with a cephalic space length-to-width ratio of about 3 : 1.
13.
It is an important vector for a number of arboviruses, including Murray Valley encephalitis virus, Ross River virus, Barmah Forest virus, Kunjin virus and Japanese encephalitis, as well as dog heartworm and the roundworm " Wuchereria bancrofti " in New Guinea.
14.
However, various species of filarial worms tend to affect different parts of the body : " Wuchereria bancrofti " can affect the arms, breasts, legs, scrotum, and vulva ( causing hydrocele formation ), while " Brugia timori " rarely affects the genitals.
15.
Some species of " Anopheles " also can serve as the vectors for canine heartworm " Dirofilaria immitis ", the filariasis-causing species " Wuchereria bancrofti " and " Brugia malayi ", and viruses such as one that causes O'nyong'nyong fever.
16.
Another study evaluated the effectiveness of ivermectin and albendazole in " M . perstans " and " Wuchereria bancrofti " coinfection in a filarial endemic region of Mali, finding that " M . perstans " infection did not have a significant effect on the treatment of " W . bancrofti ".
