| 21. | The activity coefficient depends on the ionic strength of the solution in which the potentiometric measurements are made.
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| 22. | P _ { i } may be calculated according to Raoult's Law using appropriate activity coefficients.
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| 23. | Expressions were derived for the variation of single-ion activity coefficients as a function of ionic strength.
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| 24. | Sometimes activity coefficients can be calculated using, for example, Pitzer equations or Specific ion interaction theory.
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| 25. | The expressions show that at \ alpha _ { 12 } = 0 the limiting activity coefficients are equal.
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| 26. | Because of this the Pitzer equations provide for more precise modelling of mean activity coefficient data and equilibrium constants.
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| 27. | Activities can be calculated from concentrations if the activity coefficient are known, but this is rarely the case.
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| 28. | While at MIT he began his career by developing one of the first computer-based Activity coefficient Equations.
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| 29. | For uncharged species, the activity coefficient " ? " 0 mostly follows a salting-out model:
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| 30. | With & gamma; i as the activity coefficient calculated by the Debye H�ckel equation and / or Davies equation.
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