It has been involved in the majority of human deaths from mushroom poisoning, possibly including the deaths of Roman Emperor Claudius in AD 54 and Holy Roman Emperor ?-amanitin, which damages the liver and kidneys, causing hepatic and renal failure that can be fatal.
22.
Later experiments confirmed the occurrence of ?-amanitin and ?-amanitin in German specimens of " G . autumnalis " and " G . marginata " and revealed the presence of the three amanitins in the fruit bodies of " G . unicolor ".
23.
Later experiments confirmed the occurrence of ?-amanitin and ?-amanitin in German specimens of " G . autumnalis " and " G . marginata " and revealed the presence of the three amanitins in the fruit bodies of " G . unicolor ".
24.
The toxins may also cause disruptions in the plasma membranes resulting in organelles that are normally in the cytoplasm to be found in the extracellular matrix . beta-Amanitin is also an inhibitor of eukaryotic RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase III, and as a result, mammalian protein synthesis.
25.
Amatoxins consist of at least eight compounds with a similar structure, that of eight amino-acid rings; of those found in " A . ocreata ", ?-amanitin is the most prevalent and along with ?-amanitin is likely to be responsible for the toxic effects.
26.
Amatoxins consist of at least eight compounds with a similar structure, that of eight amino-acid rings; of those found in " A . ocreata ", ?-amanitin is the most prevalent and along with ?-amanitin is likely to be responsible for the toxic effects.
27.
Mushroom hunters need to be wary of " Galerina " spp . which can grow side-by-side with " Armillaria " spp . on wood . " Galerina " have a dark brown spore print and are deadly poisonous ( alpha-amanitin ) see : mushroom poisoning.
28.
Several toxic peptides have been identified from the mushroom : ?-amanitin, ?-amanitin, amaninamide, phallacin, phallacidin, phallisacin, desoxoviroidin, and an additional unidentified phallotoxin . " A . fuliginea " is classified in " Amanita " section " Phalloideae ", which contains several deadly toxic species.
29.
Several toxic peptides have been identified from the mushroom : ?-amanitin, ?-amanitin, amaninamide, phallacin, phallacidin, phallisacin, desoxoviroidin, and an additional unidentified phallotoxin . " A . fuliginea " is classified in " Amanita " section " Phalloideae ", which contains several deadly toxic species.
30.
Also, I could be wrong, but since this is a relatively short article on a specific topic, I'm not sure if it qualifies to be a featured article . ( The latter is the reason I've never tried putting Myco-heterotrophy or Galerina forward as FA candidates . ) Also, I think that quite a bit of the toxicity info really belongs in another article, since this information on amanitin and phalloidin poisoning is not at all specific to this species.
