Firstly the introduction of public amenities such as car parks, footpaths, Ammophila, sometimes known as Marram Grass, is introduced to blowouts in order to bind the sediment together-preventing loss.
22.
A main threat to this rare species is the presence of the European beachgrass ( " Ammophila arenaria " ), which was once planted to stabilize the sand dunes and now dominates.
23.
This shift is supporting the invasion of but not limited to, " Ammophila arenaria, Tanacetum vulgare " ( tansy ) and " Bromus diandrus " ( ripgut brome ).
24.
One mechanism for this effect that has been extensively studied by Wim van der Putten and his colleagues is based on the susceptibility of " Ammophila " species to soil pathogens such as nematodes.
25.
Webs are typically established in low-growing dune plants and other vegetation such as the native Pingao ( " Desmoschoenus spiralis " ) or the introduced marram grass ( " Ammophila arenaria " ).
26.
Animals including mammals, birds and insects such as bees and wasps ( " Ammophila " and " Sphex " ), are capable of learning landmarks in their environment, and of using these in navigation.
27.
Threats to this species have historically included off-road vehicle use, trampling by people on foot and horseback, non-native plant species such as the iceplant " Carpobrotus edulis " and beachgrass " Ammophila arenaria ".
28.
Despite their occurrence on seacoasts, " Ammophila " grasses are not particularly tolerant of saline soils; they can tolerate a salinity of about 15 g / l ( 1.5 % ), which makes them " moderate halophytes ".
29.
Moses sent landscape architects to other stable Long Island beaches, who reported that a beach grass ( " Ammophila arenaria " ), whose roots grew sideways in search of water, held dunes in place, forming a barrier to the wind.
30.
The specific epithet " ammophila " originates from the Greek words " ammos " ( ???? ), meaning sand, and " phillia " ( ????? ), meaning lover, a reference to the mushroom's sand dune habitat.
