The cycle also extends to the other group 10 element nickel for example in the Negishi coupling between aryl halides and organozinc compounds.
22.
This method was proved to be very effective for the oxidative coupling of amines and alkyl, including tertbutyl, and aryl halides.
23.
Furthermore, mercaptoesters has been employed as H 2 S-equivalents in order to generate the thiophenol from the corresponding aryl halide.
24.
Both palladium and copper complexes of the compound exhibit high activity for the coupling of aryl halides and aryl tosylates with various amides.
25.
The reaction is facilitated by electron-withdrawing substitutents on the alkyl or aryl halide, e . g ., nitriles and esters.
26.
The arene from the aryl halide is forced to orient perpendicularly to the N-Pd bond, which should stereoelectronically favor reductive elimination.
27.
"' Bromobenzene "'is an aryl halide, C 6 H 5 Br, which can be formed by electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzene using bromine.
28.
This liquid, one of the simplest organotin compounds, is useful for transition-metal mediated conversion of acid chlorides to methyl ketones and aryl halides to aryl methyl ketones.
29.
Zinc chloride is also a useful starting reagent for the synthesis of many organozinc reagents, such as those used in the palladium catalyzed Negishi coupling with aryl halides or vinyl halides.
30.
In this radical substitution the aryl halide "'1 "'accepts an electron from an radical initiator forming a radical anion "'2 " '.
