The scar tissue created is not always compact and successful in occluding the vas deferens, which results in the 4 % azoospermia failure rate.
22.
In humans, azoospermia affects about 1 % of the male population and may be seen in up to 20 % of male infertility situations.
23.
Seminal plasma proteins TEX101 and ECM1 were recently proposed for the differential diagnosis of azoospermia forms and subtypes, and for prediction of TESE outcome.
24.
This is salient and potentially beneficial as male contraceptives based on androgens alone have failed to produce satisfactory azoospermia in around one-third of men.
25.
Posttesticular azoospermia can be seen with certain point mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator ( CFTR ) gene commonly associated with congenital vas deferens abnormalities.
26.
The DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) gene family encodes potential RNA binding proteins that are expressed in prenatal and postnatal germ cells of males and females.
27.
The number of aspiration sites varies with testis size and ranges from 4 ( to confirm obstruction ) to 15 per testis ( for nonobstructive azoospermia ).
28.
It is recommended that men primary hypopituitarism may be linked to a genetic cause, a genetic evaluation is indicated in men with azoospermia due to primary hypopituitarism.
29.
The DAZ1 ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) gene cluster maps to the AZFc region of the Y chromosome and is deleted in many azoospermic and severely oligospermic men.
30.
Couples who are infertile secondary to nonobstructive azoospermia and concurrent varicocele, may benefit from proceeding directly to microsurgical testicular sperm extraction ( microTESE ) and deferring varicocele repair.
