One theory for the resurgence of the disease is that new strains of Bordetella pertussis may have evolved that are resistant to the vaccines used in some countries.
22.
Unlike most other " Bordetella " toxins, tracheal cytotoxin is expressed constitutively, being a normal product of the breakdown of the bacterial cell wall.
23.
The bacterium " Bordetella pertussis " was first identified as the cause of whooping cough and isolated by Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou in France in 1900.
24.
Another bacteria, " Bordetella pertussis ", is able to escape the immune response by inhibiting neutrophils and macrophages from invading the infection site early on.
25.
Other bacteria recycle this molecule back into the cytoplasm, but in " Bordetella " and " Neisseria gonorrhoeae ", it is released into the environment.
26.
With the advent of aerosol vaccination in veterinary clinics for companion animals, human exposure to pathogens that are not naturally carried in humans, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica, has likely increased in recent years.
27.
The lipid A unit of " B . trematum " is identical to that of the opportunistic bacterium " B . hinzii ", but unlike any other " Bordetella " species.
28.
"Bordetella " bacteria were difficult to culture; Jules Bordet and Octave Gengou invented the first version to isolate the coccobacillus, named Bordet-Gengou in 1906, they believed was associated with whooping cough.
29.
Organisms spread by droplet transmission include respiratory viruses ( e . g ., influenza, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus ), " Bordetella pertussis ", pneumococci, diphtheria, and rubella.
30.
The test involves mixing a suspension of a bacterial culture ( eg . " Bordetella pertussis " ) with indian ink on a slide, covering the slide with a cover slip and taking a look at it under the microscope.
