Carbon films make it possible to implement a large number of surface functions, especially in the field of tribology-in other words, in applications where wear is a major factor.
22.
Later models of IBM Executives and Selectrics replaced inked fabric ribbons with " carbon film " ribbons that had a dry black or colored powder on a clear plastic tape.
23.
The carbon dioxide combined with iron from the groundwater around the remains, forming encrusting nodules of siderite ('ironstone'), which created a hard permanent'cast'of the animal which slowed further decay, leaving a carbon film on the cast.
24.
The fossils of the Burgess Shale are preserved as black carbon films on black shales, and so are difficult to photograph; however, various photographic techniques can improve the quality of the images that can be acquired.
25.
This latter technology actually lifted the carbon film forming a typed letter, leaving nothing more than a flattened depression in the surface of the paper, with the advantage that no color matching of the paper was needed.
26.
Carbon films are produced by deposition using gas-phase deposition processes in most cases taking place in a vacuum : chemical vapor deposition, CVD or physical vapor deposition, PVD . They are deposited in the form of micrometres.
27.
Carbon film resistors have temperature coefficients of several 100 parts per million per degree C . Some wirewound resistors have coefficients of 10ppm / �C . Some off-the-shelf metal foil resistors can be as low as 0.2ppm / �C.
28.
As with these older machines, the carbon film ribbon presented a security issue in some environments : It was possible to read the text that had been typed from the ribbon, seen as light characters against the darker ribbon background.
29.
There were two types of correction tapes : The transparent and slightly adhesive " Lift-Off " tape ( for use with the correctable film ribbon ), or the white " Cover-Up " tape ( for cloth, Tech-3, and carbon film ribbons ).
30.
Three types of ribbons were initially available for the Correcting Selectric II : Reusable cloth ribbon ( essentially the same as had been used on typewriters for decades ); carbon film ribbon, like that used on earlier Selectrics; and the new Correctable ( carbon ) Film ribbon.
