The north celestial pole is located very close to the Pole star ( Polaris or North Star ), so, from the northern hemisphere all circumpolar stars appear to rotate around Polaris.
22.
At the Earth's equator this circle vanishes to a single point the celestial pole itself which lies on the horizon, and there are therefore effectively no circumpolar stars at all.
23.
It is a circumpolar star when seen from points that have latitude south of 37?8'S; for example, Richmond ( USA ), and San Francisco, and very close to Seville and Agrigento.
24.
More and more stars that are at a distance from it begin to disappear below the horizon for some portion of their daily " orbit ", and the circle containing the remaining circumpolar stars becomes increasingly small.
25.
An archaic phrase appears in, " k�kk ?b? l "'stars of God', referring to the circumpolar stars that never set, possibly especially to the seven stars of Ursa Major.
26.
Thus Canopus is invisible from such locations as San Francisco and Cepheus, Ursa Major, and Ursa Minor, roughly north of the Tropic of Cancer ( + 23�� ), will be circumpolar stars that never rise or set.
27.
For example, the southern circumpolar star Acrux is invisible from most of the Continental United States, likewise, the seven stars of the northern circumpolar Big Dipper asterism are invisible from most of the Patagonia region of South America.
28.
The telescope was then brought into the meridian by repeatedly timing the ( apparent, incorrect ) upper and lower meridian transits of a circumpolar star and adjusting one of the bearings horizontally until the interval between the transits was equal.
29.
To determine absolute declinations or polar distances, it was necessary to determine the observatory's colatitude, or distance of the celestial pole from the zenith, by observing the upper and lower culmination of a number of circumpolar stars.
30.
Chinese astronomy was equatorial, centered as it was on close observation of circumpolar stars, and was based on different principles from those prevailing in traditional Western astronomy, where heliacal risings and settings of zodiac constellations formed the basic ecliptic framework.
