Individuals have achieved a state of " knowing-to " when they can say ( and mean and justify it ), " I am willing to do that . " That state of willingness, or " knowing-to ", is the same as conative knowing.
22.
"Intention " ( 1957 ) is also the classic source for the idea that there is a difference in'direction of fit'between cognitive states like beliefs and conative states like desire . ( This theme is later taken up and discussed by Searle in " Intentionality " ( 1983 ) ).
23.
That is, that the desire to know comes from an act of will, that effectively therefore conation is prepotent to cognition . " We must guard ourselves against the too easy tendency to separate [ the desire to know ] from the basic needs we have discussed above, i . e ., to make a sharp dichotomy between'cognitive'and'conative'needs.
24.
Although no further experimental work was pursued with a view to implementing Spearman s injunction to better understand the nature of eductive ability, the Ravens continued to reiterate that the " eductive " or " meaning making " ability measured by the RPM tests is a difficult and demanding activity primarily dependent on its affective and conative components and incorporating a great deal of unconscious activity of the kind that later became known as " metacognitive " activity.
25.
Rizzuto ( 2002 ) has discussed the nature of the verbal exchange between analyst and patient in the context of Roman Jakobson's ( 1976, 1990 ) typology of the six functions of " the speech event " : ( 1 ) referential, involving contextual information; ( 2 ) poetic, referring to the construction of the form of the message; ( 3 ) emotive, or the speaker's emotional influence vis-a-vis the receiver; ( 4 ) conative, or the speaker's orientation toward the receiver; ( 5 ) phatic, or the attempt to establish and maintain contact between speaker and receiver ( e . g ., " Can you hear me ? " ); and ( 6 ) metalingual, or the application of language to itself ( e . g ., " What do you mean with that word ? " ).
