Therefore, if we find the mean of a set of observations that we can reasonably expect to have a normal distribution, we can use the " t "-distribution to examine whether the confidence limits on that mean include some theoretically predicted value such as the value predicted on a null hypothesis.
22.
If one looks at the 96 % CI in Atkinson et al . 2009 and compares it with the estimated size based on Takahata 11, 000 / 5 * 6.5 or 7 or 12000 / 6 * 6.5 or 7 you will note that these exceed his 95 % confidence limits for population size.
23.
On September 19, 2013, NASA scientists, from further measurements by " Curiosity ", reported no detection of atmospheric methane with a measured value of ppbv corresponding to an upper limit of only 1.3 ppbv ( 95 % confidence limit ) and, as a result, conclude that the probability of current methanogenic microbial activity on Mars is reduced.
24.
If we consider a concrete example, the global surface temperature record of the past 140 years as presented by the IPCC : then the interannual variation is about 0.2 �C and the trend about 0.6 �C over 140 years, with 95 % confidence limits of 0.2 �C ( by coincidence, about the same value as the interannual variation ).
25.
A 2014 study by him concluded that climate sensitivity was 1.99 �C, with a 95 % confidence limit of 1.75-2.23 �C . A subsequent comment paper led by Dr Gavin Cawley of the University of East Anglia stated that the Loehle calculations were based on a " flawed methodology " that " systematically underestimates the transient climate response, due to a number of unsupportable assumptions ".
