Livonian, like Estonian, has lost vowel harmony, but unlike Estonian, it has also lost consonant gradation.
22.
However, because the infinitive is an inflected form of the root, the consonant gradation may obscure the root.
23.
The system of consonant gradation in Northern Sami is complex, especially compared to that found in the Finnic languages.
24.
One of the main features of Nganasan is the consonant gradation, which concerns the consonant phonemes and their nasal combinations.
25.
In Finnic languages, such as Finnish, the simplest example follows from consonant gradation : " haka ?! haan ".
26.
The following table shows the general endings; the actual forms can differ based on consonant gradation and the inflection type of the word.
27.
The geminated consonants that formed from this change were not subject to consonant gradation at first, and the geminates generally remained in the strong grade.
28.
It is unclear whether consonant gradation was a Finnic innovation, or a retention of an old Uralic feature that was lost in most other Uralic branches.
29.
Consonant gradation is a lenition process for P, T and K, with the oblique stem " weakened " from the nominative stem, or vice versa.
30.
However, in the Finnic languages ( Finnish, Estonian etc . ) and the Sami languages, there are processes which affect the root, particularly consonant gradation.
